I never understood why bettas are sold in little 1/4 gallon bowls and then keeped in something similar at someones home?!! :mad2: They are still a fish and need room to swim. This is a petpeave of mine, it makes me very angry. But, back to your question.
I have keeped a flame dwarf gourami in a 3.5 gallon vase for quite a while, only cause I had to and I did 100% water changes twice a week. So yes, you could keep a dwarf gourami like that, but why go through that much work when you can buy a filter for really cheap.