heating a small container like a 1.5 gallon betta bowl is dangerous IMO. the heater could fail and get stuck in the on position, essentially cooking your fish because the water volume is so small and the heat doesn't have a larger amount of water to disperse into. being as your little tank is plastic, the heater could melt it too. a larger tank IMO is definitely in order here for the health of your betta. you could go with a 5 gallon and the heater you just bought should be sufficient for it. a small hob (hang on back) or sponge filter will work well for a 5 gallon tank, and a filter is a necessity for a properly cycled and healthy tank.
your betta may be feeling the effects of the meds, and is lethargic due to that. i personally would not have medicated in this situation, but instead ensured the betta was in a clean environment along with daily water changes. from what i have read in this thread, it sounds like the betta is too cold, is stressed from ammonia in the tank, and is basically 'shocked' with each week's water change with clean living conditions all of a sudden.
as for the pet store employee saying you were changing the water too often....... ppppfffffftttt! (sorry, i had to). take a look back at my post in this thread where i mentioned how soon the ammonia climbed to 4 ppm in a 2 gallon bowl after a 100% water change - only a few days. small container betta bowls without filters like yours need daily water changes to keep that ammonia away. pet store employees very often have no idea what they are talking about and simply parrot the 'information' (i use that term very loosely) that they were taught/is in their store handbook. keep in mind, these stores will also sell you an oscar for your 10 gallon tank at home....... ugh.
you mention "all his levels were good". did you get the actual numbers from the ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and ph tests from the pet store employee?