I couldnt help but notice that you said that there are gophers in your area. Idk if it works for gophers or not but i once had a sewer rat problem in my backyard ( right under the shed near the blackberries) and i got them out by getting smoke into its hole. I just had a piece of wood, put it in my outdoor fireplace and lit it on fire for a while. Then i dumped water all over it and placed about 2/3 of the wood in the rat hole and blew all the smoke i could into the hole. Sucker ran right out of its escape hole and havent had a problem since. I did this last summer and like i said, no problems since. Its worth a shot, just dont go burning your house down or your plants.
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