URGENT: Shark's skin coming off/infected?? Help please!

I was exactly thinking if that fish was a human, he'd by on IV antibiotic solution no if ands or buts about it.

Not necessarily. If you're thinking that a broad spectrum antibiotic (IV or otherwise) would be administered in this case for empiric coverage based solely on wound size, you would be incorrect. On the other hand, accompanying symptoms including any signs of infection including febrile would likely get the order. Associated medical comorbidities and renal/hepatic/age considerations would factor in strongly for the decision to treat empirically or not.

Let me describe what I'm seeing in those 2 latest photos: there is significant peeling and blistering of adipose tissue and fascia associated with the wound and its margins. The pink you're seeing underlying these wounds is muscle (an indication of just how deep these wounds are). I still do not see any frank signs of fungus or other signs of localized infection; very good signs.

It is a good sign that he is eating. Try to identify any other changes in behavior (including bowel habits) and relay them in this thread. It will take a very long time for this wound to heal.

During his recovery, you can start to think about what to do with him long-term. This species requires a much larger tank than the one you have been providing him. Frankly, it is totally inappropriate for any home aquaria. Here's an example of how big these get, living to 20 years in some cases:



As always, this is my opinion for best course of action. I will say that I am disappointed to read some of the suggestions made in this thread from several users. The decision is, of course, ultimately yours. Some considerations:

1) If you feel compelled to treat with an antibiotic, there are a few things you need to understand. You have no idea what infection, if any, is present. Therfore, you should select for broad spectrum coverage. Maracyn and Maracyn 2 should be used together in this context. These meds do kill off biofilter bacteria so you must watch water chemistry very carefully. Fortunately, there is less risk because you will continue with daily water changes. If you use carbon, remove it from the filter. After you perform your daily water change, dose the tank; NOT before. If possible, try to find an antibiotic from Seachem called Kanaplex or Neoplex and use ONE of these instead of the Maracyn combo. These meds are highly effective and do not affect the biofilter. Any medicine may irritate the wound directly and stress organs in an already weak fish. In case you're wondering, IV injection for fish is possible, but inappropriate to consider at this juncture.

2) A melafix and/or pimafix combo will cause direct wound irritation and likely accomplish little.

3) Topical ointment application for wounds of this size will cause direct wound irritation, delay healing, and cause further pain/stress.

4) Provide a varied diet and maintain your water changes. I'll say it again (as echoed well by Karl earlier); the only thing seperating this animal from death is nascent immune and healing power. No medication will help unless he is optimally positioned to fight towards recovery. The best things you can provide to assist is extra clean water (temp. matched and conditioned), subdued lighting, low stress, and high nutrition.

Finally, Melody gets brownie points for making a post using the words granulation tissue :headbang2:
 
I just wanted to say I am really rooting for your fish. Those pictures are very hard to look at. You are doing a great job with the water changes and all. Keep it up. This fish seems to have a great fighting spirit. Keep on fighting little fishie! We are all rooting for you to pull thru!
 
Poor, killed my photo link:

p_sanitwongsei5.jpg
 
Whoa! He's huge.
 
Hi all,

I know about the size problems, but lets just focus on the wounds for now...I will get a bigger tank if he gets any bigger.

His wounds are GETTING REDDER and REDDER, it's not white anymore, and there are some small patches (0.5-1cm) of skin still flapping, but very few now.

His wound I think revealed his muscels, as I can see dark red patches along with the pinkish skin colouring, the wound is very very deep.

His skin is so red and bumpy, with different redness in different areas...Is this a bad sign?

I'm trying to get medication, but still finding suitable products...Hopefully I can get them in the next 1-2 days.

He's eating normal. I'm changing the water every 2 days now...Less frequently ok or not?

I've already removed the carbon.

I'm scared that the wound is getting deeper and deeper, what causes that to happen? And the wound NEARLY REACHED IT'S EYE, IT'S right above the eye, touching the eyeball...I hope it doesn't break the eye!!

Thanks guys.
 
In my humble opinion, wounds can get deeper and continue to deteriorate because of infection. I'd bet my last dollar there's some sort of bad bacteria growing there somewhere. I have no way of knowing that 100% nor does anyone else. If there is bacteria brewing deep and it reaches the fish's brain, the fish won't stand a chance.
 
Why are you letting up with the water changes? Every day must be treated with diligence, hasn't that been the broken record of this thread? Persistence! Your shark is going to die if you let the water get even slightly stagnant. The carbon does not need to be removed until medication begins, I would have left the filter as is.

Change the water every day.
 
I will get a bigger tank if he gets any bigger.
He is already too big for that tank. You should either a) start looking for a much larger tank for him now, or b) start looking for a new home for him.

If the wound is getting deeper and still spreading, infection has probably set in. Why haven't you gotten an antibiotic by now? It's been almost 6 days since you started this thread!!! Why would you lighten up on water changes when you yourself noted that his wounds are getting worse?! Do them every single day! You don't need to take carbon out until you start medicating.

Listen, let's be real here. This fish is suffering terribly. If you are not going to do what it takes to make him better, then you are just prolonging his suffering. At this point I think you should euthanize him with clove oil.
 
Deepening redness can be a sign of healing and so can bumpiness. Here is some info on wound healing. Post more pictures if you can so we can see what his wound looks like. I'm not saying he doesn't have infection; just that he may not, and redness in a wound is not the difinitive sign of infection.

Here's some interesting info on he process of wound healing.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:


This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008)

Granulation tissue is the perfused, fibrous connective tissue that replaces a fibrin clot in healing wounds. Granulation tissue typically grows from the base of a wound and is able to fill wounds of almost any size it heals.
Contents


[hide]
[edit] Appearance


Example of Granulation tissue from a cut on a finger with "proud flesh".



During the proliferative phase of wound healing, granulation tissue is:
  • light red or dark pink in color, being perfused (permeated) with new capillary loops or "buds";
  • soft to the touch;
  • moist; and
  • bumpy (granular) in appearance.
An excess of granulation tissue (caro luxurians) is informally referred to as "proud flesh."
http://www.aquariacentral.com/w/index.php?title=Granulation_tissue&action=edit&section=2



Granulation tissue is composed of tissue matrix supporting a variety of cell types, most of which can be associated with one of the following functions:

[edit] Extracellular matrix

The extracellular matrix of granulation tissue is created and modified by fibroblasts. Initially, it consists of a network of Type III collagen, a weaker form of the structural protein that can be produced rapidly. This is later replaced by the stronger, long-stranded Type I collagen, as evidenced in scar tissue.

Immunity
The main immune cells active in the tissue are macrophages and neutrophils, although other leukocytes are also present. These work to phagocytize old or damaged tissue, and protect the healing tissue from pathogenic insult. This is necessary both to aid the healing process and to protect against invading pathogens, as the wound often does not have an effective skin barrier to act as a first line of defence.

[edit] Vascularization

It is necessary for a network of blood vessels to be established as soon as possible to provide the growing tissue with nutrients, to take away cellular wastes, and transport new leukocytes to the area. Fibroblasts, the main cells that deposit granulation tissue, depend on oxygen to proliferate and lay down the new extracellular matrix.
In vascularisation, also called angiogenesis, endothelial cells quickly grow into the tissue from older, intact blood vessels. These branch out in a systematic way, forming anastomoses with other vessels.

[edit] References

  1. <LI id=cite_note-0>^ Healing and Repair Chapter 9 from an "Introduction to Pathology" on a Tuskegee University website
  2. ^ Monteiro SO et al. AJVR Vol 70 No.2 2009
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Wound healingBlood vesselsAngiogenesis · Vasculogenesis · Intussusception
OtherGranulation tissue · Growth factor · Scar · Fibrosis · Stem cell


(Here is an example of what granulation tissue looks like, although in the pic it is in excess which is called proud flesh or an overgrowth of healing tissue, but you can see the lumpiness of the tissue that is part of the healing process. This comment by Melody)


Whether you decide to medicate or not, DO NOT stop doing daily water changes.

Also, I'm thinking Clove oil may not be the best method of euthansia in this case. Clove oil might cause pain due to exposed tissues. I'm thinking that it would burn or sting on contact with open wounds such as this.

You might want to get more opinions on the clove oil method. I'd ask DrVader, because he seems to have a great deal of medical knowledge.

I'm so sorry your poor fish is going through this. I know you are trying to do everything in your power to save him. I wonder about the euthanasia issue myself.
If he were mine.... I don't know if I could continue. I have had to euthanise on a few ocassions, and I did use the clove oil method, but none of my fish had raw, open wounds.
 
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