The tiniest "worms" are in the meal. The larger worms and beetles are both between the layers and on the surface to get the p/a/c, but the beetles seem mostly surface. Obviously they lay eggs in the meal. The chyrsilis (sp?) are between the fabric layers mostly. If the moisture gets low, they will be eaten by the others. Both "worms" and beetles eat the meal, and the p/a/c (I like the abbreviation - thanks).
It has been so long since I started my cultures I'd be hard pressed to say when they start or what cycle time is. I transfer both beetles and mid-sized worms to the clean tray. At heaviest I keep three trays going, harvesting a few dozen every other day. I look in the fresh trays regularly, but guess it is about a month before I start harvesting. I have four trays, so it one seemed bad, I could start fresh with the spare. Right now I only have two going, and give away mealworms every week (friend with birds). I don't think it is needed to start fresh each time, I usually just scoop out ~1/2 the old meal, drop it on a newspaper, toss the baby worms I missed back in the tray and refill with fresh food. That is done at 3-5 week intervals, depending on how productive the culture is.