I recently buily my self a sump filter. Has been running for almos 2 months and is keeping my ammonia, nitrite at 0.
Here is a drawing of my first version of it:
It was built using a 20gl. waste basket. I threw in a submersible pump with a lot of bioballs. Then, built a drip plate using the cover of the laundry basket and covered if with filter floss. Also, had to install vales in both the intake and return lines for servicing and a one-way check walve in the retunr line to avoid backsphoning in case of a power failure.
Whenever you desing a system, try to use flexible tubing instead of rigid ones. Every time you put a right angle elbow you'll be restricting your water flow. Also, flexible tubing is easier to accomodate and remove later.
This is how I designed the overflow for the tank:
I had to drill a 2,5" inches hole in the glass to fit the tubing. I used a male and female adapter to secure it trohug the glass wall and silicon for sealing it. I left the top tube open to allow gas interchange in the way down.
I also have a real picture of it:
When the water goes down the drain line, it is mechanichally filtered by the floss, then drips on the bioballs for complementary biological filtration. After that, the pump retutns the water to the tank in the oposite corner of the overflow by the use of a spayer bar. (made with 1" pcv tubing which had 50 1/4" holes drilled). When the water splashes in the tank, it breaks the water surface again.
Some aditional consideration:
* The water flowing to the tank falls only by gravity. So, use a pipe that is at least 2 times the diameter of the return line. I used 2" tubing towards the filter, and 1" tubing towards the tank.
* If posible, make two return lines instead of one. So, if one gets clogged, the other one will still be working.
* Make sure the overflow is covered with a mesh, ot anything else to prevent fish going down the drain. I had to rescue 1 gourami and a reedfish from the filter. The mesh holes have to be large enoug to avoid restricting the water flow. I tested various sizes and 1/4" nylon mesh workes best for me.
* The sump size must be big enough to hold all the overflow water in case of a power or pump failure. When you turn off the pump, the top 1/2" to 1" water will still come down the overflow. I started with a 20 gallon container, but had to change it for a 55 gall.
* The pump must be fish safe, and suitable for 24 hour uninterrupted work cycle. If your pump is big, it can rise the water tamp, so watch out.
This whole design was about $125 total, and works great. Tx to the increased gas exchange I could remove 2 air pumps. And, it keep my water at 79-80ºF all day-night ong, so the heater is always off. :Angel:
EDITED: I wrote all this with out reading the previous post. Most have been already said, but now that I wrote it, I'll nor delete it.