I know this is a stupid question but why do they give you a piece of hose and an air diffuser when you buy a powerhead? Why not just attach a line from an air pump?
Some folks don't have a need for an air pump. By placing the power head near the surface, the short tubing will stick above the water level and venturi action will entrain some air into the powerhead discharge.
that is used to add some air into the powerhead, instead of just blowing solid air, when using the air diffuser it well make the outlet more bubbly instead of solid outlet water.
Some people use the tube to dissolve CO2. I use a CO2 ladder, then any bubbles that don't get dissolved get sucked into the powerhead, letting them have a second chance at diffusion.