A deep sand bed (DSB) is much preferable to a crushed coral (CC) substrate. CC tends to catch a lot of uneaten food and waste, ultimately generating quite a bit of nitrate, even with regular cleaning. DSBs are inhabited by organisms that eat this waste. Moreover, the depth of a DSB provides for regions of anaerobic bacteria under the sandbed. These bacteria strip oxygen from nitrate to form harmless nitrogen gas, actively reducing the amount of free nitrate in the system.