You are exactly right that it is impossible to tell the extent of the damage without knowing how long he was out of water. If he seems to be gradually improving, that's a great sign. Goldfish can be very surprising in terms of their ability to heal themselves. (If you don't believe it, check the archives for a panicked post I placed on one of my bubbleyes that had severe eye injury-- it's gross, but the fish lived for another year and healed completely, unfortunately dying from a parasite infection from an import batch I didn't catch in quarantine because I trusted the seller-- lesson learned, sadly.) Remain optimistic and keep a good eye on him. It's fine that he wants to hang out and rest for a while-- he's been through a trauma. If it continues for a while, then you may need to re-examine your treatment options.