Convicts and Cutteris seem to be happy alone if otherwise stimulated. In fact, my Cutteri insisted that he be kept alone...his method of protest was definitely noteworthy. (FML.) A paradisefish would do well alone.
Perhaps but in my experience from my 5 gallon (stocked with Pleco, Goldfish, Piranha, Garr, Oscars, Danios, and Saltwater crocodiles) that they prefer to school with others of the same species.
I've been thinking of adding a ghost shrimp to my 5 gallon but think that might stretch the bioload too far,
Most gobies are pretty solitary fish. You just gotta be careful because a lot of them (violet "dragon" gobies, bumblebee gobies...) require brackish water. Freshwater gobies are mostly Stiphodons and desert gobies, all of which probably do well alone or in small species groups.