Interesting. Could be a purple photosynthetic bacterium, but more likely it's just an oddly-colored cyanobacterium. Try increasing water change size and/or frequency.
Sometimes you just gotta do it. I had to get in my 300 to put in decor. The key is to spread the weight out. Lay down a chunk of plywood or similar before you get in to help distribute your weight and reduce pressure at any one point.
Take a turkey baster and some hydrogen peroxide. Squirt the H2O2 directly on the BGA; this should kill most of it. Repeat as necessary; the dead growth should peel away easily after a day or two.
I agree with BradH. Other shrimp species such as red cherries, crystal reds, bumblebees, and ghosts will breed in freshwater, so they may be better choices.
Post pictures of some of the plants and we may be able to help more.
Two things to be wary of:
1) If the sandstone is very gritty and feels abrasive to the touch, it will probably be abrasive to your fish's mouths as well.
2) Some sandstones contain calcium carbonate and may affect your water chemistry. You can try the bucket test- fill two buckets with tap...
I know folks around me who keep both species with no problems; our tap pH is generally around 8.0. I'd fill out the tetra and cory schools for starters. How about sailfin mollies? They're pretty and love nice hard basic water like yours. If your temps aren't too high you could also try some...
I may use small amounts of fertilizers, just not CO2. I can't drop the light too low because I want to keep the Ludwigia palustris nice and red. Normally I am a DIY kind of guy, but I have no electrical skills and don't trust myself to rig up a DIY fixture properly. This will be my girlfriend's...
There are a ton of aquatic moss species, and telling them apart is a job for an expert. Try to find a university bryologist who is willing to ID a sample for you; most experts are happy to do this sort of thing.