Generally plants serve the same purpose that carbon iserves in a non-panted tank. Short runs of carbon are used mainly (1) to remove medications after treatment; (2) to remove odors (e.g. phenols) (3) to remove dyes (e.g. tannins). The problems with carbon are (1) to be effective as a chemical filter it needs to be replaced when exhausted -- otherwise, if left, it becomes another biomedia; (2) it will adsorb a few nutrients, like iron; and so (3) it is an expense that generally isn't needed.
Jared