No, there's no harm in having old charcoal in your filters, but in time the tiny holes will fill with old, dead bacteria, decreasing the surface area until the charcoal is basically as good as gravel. So there's no harm in it being there, but unlike other media, like foam, wool, floss it can't be rinsed off very well.
There is also a large variety of bio-media available in which the old, dead colonies are sloughed off and replaced by the new ones, but I don't really know anything about them other than the existence thereof. I'm a filter sponge guy miself.