a) Anubias grows just fine in the substratre. It is better to leave the rhizome uncovered to prevent it from getting anaerobic, (cut off from oxygen), but if the leaves are falling off the rhizome, it may already be anaerobic. Pick up the plant and feel the rhizome. If its soft and squishy its toast. If its still firm, it will grow new leaves if you provide favorable enough growing conditions.
The main issue is LIGHT. Anubias grows SO SLOWLY fertilizer makes little difference, but if the light is not bright enough, or if the lights are not on LONG ENOUGH every day, the leaves will fall off. If your water is low in oxygen this can also cause the leaves to fall off, although it would have to be pretty bad for that to happen
b) Houseplant fertilizers ARE NOT a good idea because it is nitrogen, and will raise your nitrate levels dramatically depending on how much you are adding. That is what could kill your fish is the sudden change in nitrate. And like I said, Anubias grow so slowly that they will only use a fraction if any of the added nitrate. It will do them no good at all. Light and C02 will have more of an effect.
C) You have your Java fern planted in the substrate... that is the plant that should always be put on wood or rock not in the substrate...EVER.
Don't worry about your lighting, either, they will grow almost anywhere.
Thats an overstated myth. The plants grow slowly, so the signs of distress due to insufficient light are not as apparent, but they flourish under proper conditions of light and C02. Every plant has a minimal light threshhold. With the right conditions the leaves will never fall off