Aquarium Filters. Everything you need to know

Fishkeeper71

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Oct 7, 2008
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Welcome all. I'm starting this thread in hopes that it will aid New Aquarium owners as well as those who are considering starting an Aquarium. I also hope experienced aquarium owners will aid in this thread with any and all helpful tips/advice they wish to share.

The Aquarium Filter. One only has to visit a local fish store <LFS> to see how daunting a task it can be selecting a filter for their future tank. There are many styles, shapes, colors a literal myriad of choices, however in effect they all boil down into 5 categories.

Undergravel, Hang on Back <HoB>, Canister, Sponge and Sump.

But "which style is best?" you say? Have no fear there are many here at Aquariacentral that will do our best to aid you. Before we go to much further into styles it will help most to understand just exactly what our filters do and what they weren't designed to do.

In a nutshell an Aquarium filter does a few very important things that are quite obvious just by understanding the word filter. However these filters also perform tasks that some people might not be aware of even though it is part of the filtration process.

1st: and foremost a Filter's duty is to cleanse & condition the water to make a safe and comfortable environment for your aquatic pets. This is done by 3 methods known as Biological, Mechanical and Chemical.

2nd: They help to remove debris and detritus from the aquarium making it clean and pleasing to they eye as best as it really can. This is actually a secondary benefit that comes from the method of taking water from the Aquarium and run through the filtration process. Debris and such will be drawn into the filter intake as water moves around the tank as a result of the current generated by the filter. This is called Mechanical filtration.

Biological and Chemical Filtration take place within most filters as a form of insert, Carbon, Purigen, Sponge, Floss and a porous surface material like Bioballs or Rings etc..

The mechanical filtration of most filters while good is not the 1st primary function of most of them as might be commonly believed, though by no means do they fail in this regard. Most if any of them will not scour the tank bottom and remove all of the debris. The Mechanical part of their job will collect whatever is in the water that can make it to the intake and that's as far as they can go. They need help with the bigger stuff and that is why you must also act as a guard for your filter. This is usually and most easily accomplished by doing regular vacuuming <or other collection method> of your gravel or substrate to remove the bigger debris before it gets to the filter and begins clogging it up, thereby causing water flow and quality to begin dropping. Alot of people also prefer putting a sponge prefilter onto their filter intake tubes to help in this regard as well. This will not only prolong the life and ability of your filter but will aid in pristine water clarity and quality.

Cycling the Filter: Also known as "Tank cycling" I need not go into this for Rbishop has made an outstanding sticky on how to go about this process. You will find it at the top of this forum section or you can follow this link to get there.

www.aquariacentral.com/forums/showthread.php?84598-Freshwater-cycling

Your Filter will be the Single most important piece of equipment in your Aquarium and making the right choice on type, Style and even in some case Brand will go light years in making your Aquarium enjoyable and safe for both you and your Pets.

More to come later doing a breakdown of each filter type and the Pro's and Con's of each.
So let's all get together and do a breakdown of the filter options for those that want and or need to know this. I only ask that replies in this thread go towards this goal and any filters you Add have a breakdown of the good and any bad points and your experiences with that style.
 
Awesome thread! I kind of have a filter question... I have a 10 gal tank w/ a Marineland bio wheel 100 that bought and set up and is running amazingly with my tiger gourami in it for almost a year now. I recently was given a 30 gal tank and want to move my fish to that tank. I would hate to loose all the good bacteria already in place in that filter. So should I move my fish and my filter to the new tank. I know its not powerful enough for that size tank so i was thinking about just buying another 100 to put next to it as well or should I just leave the 100 on my 10 gal as a QT tank and upgrade to a 200 or 250?
 
Move fish and filter to new tank. Just get another filter if you feel its not enough filtration. I would suggest gettting the 200 or 250 and setting it up with the 100 so it can breed the bacteria you need for your 30. That way you can move the 100 back in a month or so to your 10 gal and have an instantly cycled tank or QT tank :D
 
Awesome! Can I move my fish right away with the filter? It wont be to much of a shock to him? That's my main concern. I would hate to loose him.

Oh and im planning on gettin a 250. :thm:
 
i would think it fine as long as the water parameter are the same in each tank. best of luck!
 
More to come later doing a breakdown of each filter type and the Pro's and Con's of each.
So let's all get together and do a breakdown of the filter options for those that want and or need to know this. I only ask that replies in this thread go towards this goal and any filters you Add have a breakdown of the good and any bad points and your experiences with that style.

Perhaps a mod could split the question and answer replies from this thread into it's own topic (and delete my reply)? It sounds like it was meant to be purely informational regarding specific filter styles, and got a bit hijacked with a question that should have had it's own thread, IMO.
 
Undergravel Filters

The tried a true UG, there's a lot of love hate relationships with these filters and it is the filter a lot of people started with, at least before the other styles became cheap enough to compete.

.Undergravel Filter.jpg

This filter consists of 1 or more "plates" that are placed obviously underneath the gravel. 1 or more lift tubes can be attached and then usually connected to an air pump. The airlines create a bubbling effect <more if an air stone is in the tube> drawing water through the gravel bed and into the uplift tubes back into the aquarium. Some people will attach power heads to these tubes making this filter much more efficient.

Reverse Flow Undergravel:
You can also install power heads that will pump the water from the tank down the tubes and up though the gravel bed from underneath. This known as a Reverse Undergravel or Reverse flow UG. Most advanced Aquarists prefer this setup as efficiency in increased vastly and the prefilter sponge on the power head keeps the plates underneath clean and debris free, This is the method I would recommend if someone wanted to go with the UG filter.

Your Gravel bed will act as mechanical and biological filtration as the beneficial bacteria colony will setup home in the gravel bed and under the filter plate as well. Debris and detritus will be pulled down into the gravel bed where it gets broken down.

The filters are extremely efficient and very inexpensive, and if a few basic chores are kept up these filters will last a very long time, however they do suffer some drawbacks. These filters require meticulous cleaning of the gravel bed surface and herein lies their biggest drawback...If you clean the bed you must be extremely careful not do go to deep as you will vacuum up all your Biological bacteria and force a recycle. You must gently disturb the gravel bed and get what comes loose and leave it at that.

These filters have a nasty tendency to get overloaded quickly usually as a result of a recent gravel cleaning. However once established and going the load these filters can handle is quite remarkable being so simple in design.

Keeping live plants in a Tank with an Undergravel is difficult <impossible with some species> and depends on the kinds of plants you wish to have. Other than potting them I wouldn't recommend this style filter if you plan on having a fully planted tank.

Hope I didn't miss anything if so put it up here.

Undergravel Filter.jpg
 
I have a Magnum HOB filter with the chamber for loose media and then the fitted sleeve. I need to change the sleeve before too long, right now I just squeeze it out in tank water, because it is starting to fall apart. Isn't that going to send my tank into a cycle?
 
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