yes, ultimately they will.
common goldfish can, given decent care and living conditions, reach a size of 14+ inches long and live for over 20 years. decent care means a large fishtank of at least 55 gallons per common goldfish, or a suitable pond. it also means having real filtration in their tank or pond. a bowl is simply not a good home for any fish, especially goldfish. they are some of the most misunderstood fish in aquaria, simply because people are not told how big they should get, how long they should live, and how they should be taken care of. 1-2 years is not a normal lifespan. they do not grow to the size of their container and live normally otherwise - instead they become stunted, stop growing, and die either from the stunting itself or from secondary infections or bad water conditions.
welcome to Aquaria Central. Please use our site to research the needs of your fish. If you find that after doing your research you cannot keep the fish, please find them new homes or return them ASAP. if you want to continue in the hobby with other fish, look into getting a tank set up with a filter and a heater. we can then help you decide which fish are suitable for the set-up you have.
also please read the sticky in the freshwater newbie section about cycling your tank. a 'sticky' is a thread that always stays right up near the top. it will help you to understand one of the reasons why a bowl is not a suitable home.