i've done this same type of thing for a lizard terrarium..
here's what i did and maybe it'll help:
carve your styrofoam in reverse (so the things that youwant to stick out, actually go into the styrofoam)
around the edge of your carved styrofoam, put a styrofoam "lip" like a frame.
thus you have a mold.
put thick cement mixture in the mold and leave it to sit until dry keep it about a half inch deep in all places (it's important to use a thick mixture, a runny mixture will cause your cement to be thin at the higher points of the mold, which will make it fragile.
(WARNING DO NOT USE CONCRETE WITH LIMESTONE IN IT)
once it's dry, take the "frame" off the sides, and look at the edge, if it looks dry all the way through, then take the styrofoam off the cement.. it's best to get the big chunks with a knife, and then get the hard to get parts off with acetone.
rinse the front thoroughly (i just used a garden hose for this)
let dry
then, paint the front of the background with clear polycrylic. (NOT POLYURETHANE)
let dry and repeat 3 or 4 times.
you may want to do this for the whole thing, but i didn't because it was just for lizards .
if it's too shiny for you (mine was) just take some rough grit sandpaper to it.
anyways.. that's all i did.
hope that helps.
**i should add that by doing this mold in reverse method, the back of the background is open.. therefore, if you were to have a couple holes in the background, the water would go all the way through, and there would not be any stagnant water.. it is for this reason that i would recommend polycrylic on both sides for an aquarium. again, i only did one side because i wasn't working with water.