some do the airline tubing into the intake of their HOB but i see that as a waste since it just escapes the filter by the impeller and you get minimal diffusion.
What you can do in your case is get a limewood airstone (wooden one, not those blue/black ones) and add it at the lowest point in your tank, right below the filters over flow. The airstone will create micro bubbles which once they rise will be pushed back down into the tank by the overflow of the filter.
The upside down cup/bell is pointless since water movement and size of the gas bubbles is what will give you maximum diffusion.
Isn't there an issue with the surface agitation of the HOB causing the CO2 to gas off before it can be effectively distributed? Also, in my experience with HOBs, there is a fair amount of oxygen introduced as the water falls back into the tank, which would also serve to nulify the CO2... Just a thought. I guess a way around this would be to keep the water level such that water doesn't so much fall from the filter as run out into the tank...if you know what I mean...