In a 257-gallon stock tank with goldfish, I’d strongly recommend using a filter if you want stable water and fewer headaches.
→ Here’s the reasoning: pumps and fountains mainly move and aerate water, but they don’t remove waste or build enough biological filtration on their own. Goldfish are pretty messy, and in a smaller volume like 257 gallons, ammonia can build up fast without proper filtration.
→ Plants definitely help and can absorb some nutrients, but they usually aren’t enough on their own to handle a full fish load especially with goldfish. A pump + plants setup can work in very lightly stocked or very large, mature ponds, but a stock tank setup is still relatively “small system” in pond terms.
→ For cycling, think of it like a tank: you want beneficial bacteria living on high-surface-area media. Rocks or bricks at the bottom can grow bacteria, but they’re not nearly as efficient or safe as proper filter media. Plus, detritus can get trapped underneath and create low-oxygen pockets over time, which isn’t ideal.
Practical tip: even a simple sponge filter or a small pressurized filter makes a huge difference. You can also “seed” it with bacteria from an established tank or use bottled bacteria to speed things up. Stock slowly at first so the system can catch up.
Overall, you can run low-tech ponds, but they work best when they’re big, heavily planted, and lightly stocked. In your case, a basic filter will make everything much more stable and less stressful long-term.
I’ve even seen some of the “Best Pond Fountains from MidWest Ponds” style setups where people rely mostly on movement and plants, but most of those work best in larger, more mature ponds than a fresh stock tank build.