Ulcers can be an indication of several problems; fungal, internal parasites and poor water quality come to mind quickly. Because of the over crowding issues in your tank, your fish are most likely stressed and as a result are more likely to be sensitive to any type of water fluctuations and more susceptible to infections. I would agree with most of the previous posters and believe water issues and crowding are important factors here. Liquid tests are actually far more accurate than strip tests, so if you are getting separate readings, I would trust the liquid before I trusted the strip. What are your readings according to your liquid tests?
That being said, there may be other issues present in your tank, it’s just hard to know because of your fish stocking. Here is some info on ulcers and what to do;
That being said, there may be other issues present in your tank, it’s just hard to know because of your fish stocking. Here is some info on ulcers and what to do;
How are ulcers caused?
They can be caused by damage to the skin from parasites or chemicals (for example exposure to high levels of ammonia or nitrite or high/low pH). Fish can also be susceptible if their normal defences are compromised by stress. High numbers of opportunistic bacteria, such as would be found in water with a high organic content or other diseased fish, also increase the risk of infection.
If just one is affected it is probably due to a health problem specific to that individual. However if several are affected it is quite likely that there is an underlying environmental problem. In this quite common situation it is no good simply throwing in some anti-bacterial treatment and hoping. It is important to establish and resolve the underlying cause, be it water quality or parasites, as well as treating the bacterial infection.
Treatment
It is hard to give a general answer because it really depends on the circumstances surrounding each case. If just one individual is affected and assuming that it has been diagnosed at an early stage, simply dealing with any other health problems and treating the lesion topically may suffice.
If several are affected it is vital that the system and all of the fish are examined, either in or out of the water, to determine the full extent of the spread of the infection.
My own experience is that the chances of survival are greatly improved by a thorough debridement of the lesion together with topical treatment. This is an important step irrespective of any other treatments used.
Treat all the affected fish
It is often the case that there are many more infected fish than initially thought. It is important that all of those affected are treated at the same time otherwise the untreated fish will in turn get worse as well as acting as a reservoir of infection. This is often the situation where an outbreak of bacterial disease goes on for months, despite continually treating the most obviously affected individuals. To the owner it looks like fresh outbreaks despite his best efforts, when it is really just an ongoing chronic infection.
As far as treatments are concerned this is really a matter of judgment based on the severity of the situation. The options are topical treatments, medicated food, bath treatments (short duration or long term) or antibiotic injections. Whatever course of treatment is decided the aim should be to resolve the problem within a matter of 2-3 weeks. If there is not a marked improvement during that time then either the treatment plan needs reappraising or there are still underlying problems that haven’t been tackled.