How do these improve the tank?

they are a type of biological media that has immense surface area for bacteria to colonize on. there are several different types of biomedia, including sintered glass, porcelain, bioballs, srubby pads, they all work well.
 
Would my goldfish benefit from me puting these in their tank?
I have 3 fancys in 55g with a Whisper 60 Power Filter.
 
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if you can find room for some biomedia in your filter, go for it! the more bio-filtration the better. just make sure you provide enough mechanical filtration, as goldfish are heavy solid AND liquid waste producers.
 
A hang on back filter or canister filter that has sponges or any other filter media to filter larger particles, like poop. the sponges do the same thing as those bio-balls when it comes to biofiltration, but bio balls just add even more surface for beneficial bacteria to colonize.
 
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bioballs are just one more way to "hype" you into believing that Coralife media is better than any other. don't believe it. media is media is media. all it does is provide a surface for bacteria to colonize in your filter.

note that your biofilter can only grow that concentration of bacteria as you have ammonia to support it. if you have three fish exhausting 50 ppm NH3 every 24 hours, you can only grow that number of bacteria which can convert 50 ppm of ammonia into nitrite every 24 hours. you can put in all the bioballs you want to but it won't change the number of bacteria which are capable of colonizing your biofilter.

all media is both a mechanical and biological filter. all media, whether it be sponge, bioball, ceramic donuts, scintered glass, polyester, scrubbee pads and on and on ... all media, filters out particulate matter and colonize bacteria.

so why are there so many different kinds of "media" available to the hobbyist? the answer is $$$$$$$$$. every major manufacturer of filters and some that don't even make filters want you to believe that their media is the 'best'. personally, i use sponges in all my filters. they're the cheapest. they do the job of particulate/mechanical filtration very well, they do the job of providing great surface area for bacterial colonization, they last for years, they're easy to clean and ... well, there's nothing they don't do.
 
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