Birth defects are very possible. So yes, one could be born with problems with the swim bladder, although in that case it wouldn't really be swim bladder disease. Others are more prone to getting it.
Swim bladder disease is more of a symptom like dropsy or popeye. Many things can cause it. The big two are water quality and round-bodied goldfish eating floating foods, which causes them to take in too much air, which can lead to swim bladder infections. The duct from their mouth to their swim bladder is usually not as open as it should be, this is what makes them much more likely to get infections there.