The necessity of a filter really depends on your planned stocking, if you want any at all. In my opinion you could do well with just an air bubbler and a 25w light. Any high light plants wouldnt do so well in a 2.5 gallon tank....c'mon..just think about it, these plants usually get HUGE.
java moss is a hardy plant, and does well without Co2. If you want extra growth, then try some kind of dosing, like the stuff seachem makes.