you're not the cause of mold... you just helped to make the conditions it's growing in a little better so the colonies grew big enough to see. mold is everywhere... all the time... sometimes it's dense enough in the air to see it... like on high pollen count days, when your eyes itch and you swear you see things floating in the air... that's pollen... mold can be similar... especially when it's life is threatened... but the particles are finer
Can't id it beyond the fact that it's a mold. Proper courses of action would be ventilation or a dehumidifier.
absolute necessities!
Wearing a dust mask, and eye goggles - not glasses - clean it up when they aren't around, using a bleach solution.
Follow the directions on the bottle of bleach.
Purchase a glass top for the tank and cut the plastic part to fit as snugly as you can.
Make sure you have an air stone inside the tank, since you will be cutting off the surface from air exchange.
the plastic doesn't have to be too snug. gas exchange should happen sufficiently without the air stone that way and it'll still reduce the humidity of the gases passing through by form of evaporation collection (condensation) on the glass. if you stuff that puppy up and add an air stone, the air coming out will be well over 100% humidity. probably higher RH (relative humidity) with higher volume (thus less space to condensate and lower rh during gas exchange due to the surface being already soaked). this could quite possibly be counter productive and will definitely increase your evaporation rate.
what i would do....
air movement along those rafters... and/or exchange in/out of that room
close that top in ~95% (no air flow here)
bleach/hepa vac (you can rent good ones at tool rental places like sunbelt rentals with the proper hepa filter.... your average dyson/kirby just isn't going to cut it) (vac first if you're going to)
irq or another industrial mold specific primer to encapsulate what's there and retard/stop growth (make sure the wood is completely dry before this step so it soaks the primer up and doesn't lock in moisture... about 2 days with constant air movement after you think it's dry should be fine [i've tested this theory with legit moiture meters, moisture probes, etc. ... air movers and fans alike...])
once the primer (MOLD SPECIFIC!!!) is dry, you can re-paint the rafters/joists
for definite identification you'd have to send samples to a lab... you can get home/mail in kits at any hardware/home improvement store
keep in mind, a dehumidifier may not be what you're looking for in a room with your fish tank... since that seems to be pretty much contained to a small area, it's very possible the R/H in the room isn't very high... just above the tank is... you can pick up a hygrometer, hygrometer/thermometer, digital weather station just about anywhere nowadays and that would tell you whether it's the entire room that needs lowering (in which case i'd use a dehu) or if it's just above the tank (just hang a small fan from the ceiling blowing up between the rafters where it's affected)... all you'd have to do is walk around the room and take readings in different areas... above tank... 3' away from tank... 6' away from tank... if you're above 50%-60% rh throughout the room on your average day... you probably need a dehu... comfy range for humans is ~40%-60%... just be sure to let the meter settle on a number for a few minutes before you move to a new location for testing.
if it gets dusty in there while you're cleaning up... open windows... blow fans out... seal any openings to the rest of the house (doors/vents/gaps/etc.)... get out of there... and don't go back in without a PROPER respirator (any janitorial supply house will have them with changeable inserts) and goggles... if it still gets dusty during cleanup with all that precaution... rent yourself an air scrubber
i don't think your case is one that would obviously necessitate the rental equipment... but the others like bleach/PROPER primer/dry rafters/ventilation/circulation/direct air movement... are absolute necessities in my opinion... and i wont even try to identify your mold to know if it's something serious... so take whatever precautions you can and/or see fit accordingly.