powerhead?

1. Water circulation-Most fish like movements.
2. Oxygenation-Surface movements...
3. Filtration
4. Replicating river environment-For fish from fast flowing waters.;)
 
powerheads can be used for different things. some people use them for added circulation and flow for dead spots or just to add more circulation to the tank to meet certain fishes specific needs, some people use them for surface agitation for gas exchange, some people use them to diffuse DIY co2, some people use them for small sponge filters in mini tanks or just added filtration in general.
 
You can use them to power under gravel filters, corner filters, sponge filters (basically anything with lift tubes for an airstone, can instead be powered by a powerhead ( say goodbye to your noisy air pump ) ). They are used for Surface agitation and Co2 diffusion as JM stated. In reef systems they can be used in conjunction with timers to simulate waves . I've also used them along with a heater to help me stir up my saltwater buckets and make them "just right" when making new water.

All in all, one of the most useful and versatile pieces of equipment in the hobby.
 
In my opinion, powerheads are mostly useful on larger tanks where the flow from the filter isn't enough to circulate the water around the tank. In this situation, a powerhead can be nice. For me, I over filter, so I get plenty of flow....if the flow's too low, I just add another filter(ends up being two cannisters per tank).
 
I believe they are used quite extensively in the FW world for UGF and RUGF and general circulation and surface agitation. I use about 60 of them between all 28 of the FW tanks.
 
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