You are correct that there are very few nutrifying bacteria in the water itself. There are alot of factors involved , such as tank size, uv size flow rates. If to large of a sterilizer is used damage can occur .If to small of one or one with the wrong flow rate is used, it may then do very little. There are Micro algeas and micro organizisms that live in the water, most of them are helpful.
Uv units can be beneficial. You need to read as much as possible, to determine if they will do what you want them to do.