At present, there is some debate as to whether domestic dogs should be classified as
omnivores or
carnivores, by diet. The classification in the Order
Carnivora does not necessarily mean that a dog's diet must be restricted to
meat; unlike an obligate carnivore, such as the
cat family with its shorter
small intestine, a dog is dependent on neither meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill its basic dietary requirements. Dogs are able to healthily digest a variety of foods including
vegetables and
grains, and in fact dogs can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Wild canines not only eat available plants to obtain
essential amino acids, but also obtain nutrients from vegetable matter from the stomach and intestinal contents of their
herbivorous prey, which they usually consume. Domestic dogs can survive healthily on a reasonable and carefully designed
vegetarian diet, particularly if
eggs and
milk products are included. Some sources suggest that a dog fed on a
strict vegetarian diet may develop
dilated cardiomyopathy since it lacks
L-carnitine,
[12] however, maintaining a balanced diet is also a factor since
L-carnitine is found naturally in many
nuts,
seeds,
beans,
vegetables,
fruits and
whole grains. In the wild, dogs can survive on a vegetarian diet when animal prey is not available. However it has been noted, both by observation of extremely stressful conditions such as the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race and by scientific studies of similar conditions, that high-protein (approximately 40%) diets including meat help prevent damage to
muscle tissue. (This research is also true for some other mammals.) This level of protein corresponds to the percentage of protein found in the wild dog's diet when prey is abundant; higher levels of protein seem to confer no added benefit.
Dogs frequently eat
grass, which is a harmless activity. Explanations abound, but rationales such as that it neutralizes
acid, or that eating grass might make the dog
vomit, so dogs eat grass to remove unwanted substances from their
stomachs, are at best educated guesses. Dogs do vomit more readily than humans, as part of their typical feeding behavior of gulping down food then regurgitating indigestible bones, fur,
etc. This behavior is typical of pack feeding in the wild, where the most important thing is to get as much of the kill as possible before others consume it all. Individual domestic dogs, however, may be very "picky" eaters, in the absence of this evolutionary pressure.
article found on wikipedia.