and this bulb thing that i can't find information on.
It is like these small tubes coming out fron the base and has almost liliy pad shaped leaves that are small.
Here's a good link with an overview on dwarf lilies. See if the bulb looks like those... and is the bulb really hard, like a rock? Those usually have the arrowhead-type shaped leaves.
http://aqualandpetsplus.com/Plant,%20Dwarf%20Lily.htm
It might also be a Tiger Lotus.. these come in green and red coloring.
http://www.stoffelsinternational.com/fileadmin/user_upload/_temp_/NymphaeaTigerLotusG.jpg
If the leaves are more spikey, elongated.. the bulb could be a Barclaya longifolia. That bulb is elogated too... also comes in green or red leaf forms.
http://www.aquahobby.com/garden/img/Barclaya_longifolia_1.jpg
Other than those, long slender leaves that may or may not have ruffly edges to them (or a lacy cut-out window pane type pattern) will probably be one of the Aponogetons.
BTW for the algae, cut back on the hours of lighting. Lights shouldn't be running more than 10 hours a day. If there's any indoor lighting or indirect sunlight filtering through, then even less... say, 6 to 8 hours.