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Actually, it almost has to be a woman because they have two X chromosomes. The allele for the cones come on the X and Y chromosomes. Women have two Xs and thus can end up with four different alleles for cones. Guys, because of our short Y chromosome, only have space for three alleles (2 on the X and one on the Y).
Everything I've read has suggested that it's a fairly new mutation that causes this. It's not scientifically verifiable that the fourth cone improves color vision. Most humans can distinguish something like 10,000,000 colors, but the fourth cone gives those people the ability to distinguish 100,000,000 colors.
This is all going from memory, so I may be off on some numbers... I'll try to find the reference if you like.
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