I do not know what it is with people saying 10 gallons are useless, the possibilities can be endless if you are creative.
I would personally advice that you get a school of tetras, maybe 5 neon tetras would look fantastic. They are beautiful, small (roughly a inch in length), cheap/easy to come by and extremely easy to keep.
They will accommodate the middle and top of the tank mainly.
While for bottom dwellers, you could get maybe a few of the smaller cory catfish species. Maybe 3 Corydoras habrosus, or Corydoras pygmaeus. These only grow to a inch/inch and a half in length. These also stick together, they look fantastic foraging, and they help keep the substrate clean of any wasted fish food.
For plants, i always go for the easiest to keep: Java fern, java moss, anubias, and hornwort are just a few of very many easy to keep plants. And three pieces of advice, these plants do fine with less light compared to other plants, so they are ideal as light also encourages algae. Secondly i have always planted my tanks heavily towards the back and sides, most fish (especially the corys) like hiding places. And finally, if a plant gets to big, just trim it down carefully; plants will survive with losing a few leaves.
So all in all, I would personally suggest you get a sandy/small gravel substrate, a largish piece of bog wood, and plenty of plants. In addition to the tetras and cory cats.
While if you did not want the cory cats, shrimp are always a option. 3 or 4 ghost shrimp clean to tank pretty well, but not as good as the corys.
Good luck and have fun planning!